Borage
Borago officinalis
Zones 2–11
Growing
Sow your borage seeds in well-draining soil once the spring weather has warmed and the threat of heavy frost has passed. This annual herb thrives in a slightly acidic to neutral soil, ideally between pH 6.0 and 7.5. Because the stems and leaves are covered in bristly hairs, you may want to wear gloves during handling or weeding to avoid skin irritation. As a single upright plant, it is an excellent companion for your garden; planting it near strawberries, brassicas, or legumes can provide a nursing effect, while placing it near tomatoes can act as a trap crop to confuse tomato hornworms during egg-laying.
When the plant is ready, harvest the leaves and flowers to enjoy their unique cucumber-like or honey-sweet flavors. The flowers are particularly striking when used as a garnish in cocktails or frozen into ice cubes for a decorative touch. Since the plant does not ripen further once picked, use the harvest immediately for the best quality. If you cannot use it all at once, you can dry the herb for later use or store the unwashed leaves in the fridge to maintain freshness.
| Sun | full sun |
|---|---|
| Water | medium |
| Grow time | 45–90 days |
| Height | 1–3ft |
| Spacing | 12–24in |
| Full sun | ✓ |
|---|---|
| Part shade | ✓ |
| Shade | ✗ |
| Life cycle | annual |
|---|---|
| Category | herb |
| Growth habit | upright |
| Season | cool |
| Frost tolerance | half hardy |
| Height | 1–3ft |
| Spacing | 12–24in |
| Days to maturity | 45–90 |
| Days to bloom | 45–90 |
| Native us | ✗ |
| Water | medium |
|---|---|
| Drainage | well drained |
| Soil ph min | 6.0 |
| Soil ph max | 7.5 |
| Propagation | |
| Seed | ✓ |
| Cutting | ✗ |
| Division | ✗ |
| Graft | ✗ |
| Tuber bulb crown | ✗ |
| Transplant | ✗ |
| Container ok | ✓ |
| Pollination | self fertile |
| Pollinator friendly | ✓ |
| Toxic parts | |
| Leaves | ✓ |
| Seeds | ✓ |
| Raw | ✓ |
| Spread | self seeds |
| Deer resistant | ✓ |
| Drought tolerant | ✓ |
| Toxic to | |
| People | ✓ |
| Pets | ✓ |
| Livestock | ✓ |
| Wash before storing | ✗ |
|---|---|
| Ripens off plant | ✗ |
| Curing days | none |
| Shelf life | under 3d |
| Storage methods | |
| Room temp | ✗ |
| Cool dark | ✗ |
| Fridge | ✓ |
| Freeze | ✓ |
| Can | ✗ |
| Dry | ✓ |
| Ferment pickle | ✓ |
| Blanch before freezing | ✓ |
| Length | over 12wk |
|---|---|
| Colors | |
| White | ✗ |
| Yellow | ✗ |
| Orange | ✗ |
| Red | ✗ |
| Pink | ✗ |
| Purple | ✓ |
| Blue | ✓ |
| Green | ✗ |
| Fragrant | ✗ |
| Reblooms | ✓ |
| Deadhead | ✓ |
| Cut flower | ✓ |
| Dried flower | ✓ |
| Status | none |
|---|---|
| Regions | |
| Northeast | ✗ |
| Southeast | ✗ |
| Midwest | ✗ |
| Plains | ✗ |
| Southwest | ✗ |
| Mountain west | ✗ |
| Pacific northwest | ✗ |
| California | ✗ |
| Hawaii | ✗ |
| State noxious | ✗ |
| Escapes cultivation | ✓ |
| Visitors | |
|---|---|
| Honey bees | ✓ |
| Native bees | ✓ |
| Bumblebees | ✓ |
| Butterflies | ✓ |
| Moths | ✓ |
| Hummingbirds | ✓ |
| Beneficial insects | — |
| Nectar | high |
| Pollen | high |
| Larval host | ✗ |
| Specialist bees | ✗ |
| Seed for birds | — |
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sow | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Harvest | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
References: Wikipedia · USDA PLANTS: Borago officinalis (BOOF) · how this data is made