Calendula
Calendula officinalis
Zones 2–11
Growing
Calendula is a hardy addition to your garden, capable of withstanding light frosts as it grows in the cool season. To ensure a vigorous crop, prepare your garden beds with well-draining soil and aim for a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 5.5 and 7.0. You can start your seeds indoors or sow them directly into the ground once the soil has warmed. Because these plants grow on single upright stems, they are particularly well-suited for container gardening or as borders in your flower beds.
To encourage a continuous supply of blooms, harvest the flowers when they are fully open and ready to use. Since the blossoms do not continue to ripen once they have been picked, timing your harvest is essential for the best quality. Deadheading spent flowers can also help maintain the plant's productivity throughout the season.
Beyond their ornamental value, these flowers are highly effective at attracting pollinators to your garden. If you intend to use the blossoms for culinary or medicinal purposes, they are excellent for drying. Once dried, the petals can be stored in a cool, dark place to preserve their properties.
| Sun | full sun |
|---|---|
| Water | medium |
| Grow time | 45–90 days |
| Height | 1–3ft |
| Spacing | 6–12in |
| Full sun | ✓ |
|---|---|
| Part shade | ✓ |
| Shade | ✗ |
| Life cycle | annual |
|---|---|
| Category | herb |
| Growth habit | upright |
| Season | cool |
| Frost tolerance | half hardy |
| Height | 1–3ft |
| Spacing | 6–12in |
| Days to maturity | 45–90 |
| Days to bloom | 45–90 |
| Native us | ✗ |
| Water | medium |
|---|---|
| Drainage | well drained |
| Soil ph min | 5.5 |
| Soil ph max | 7.0 |
| Propagation | |
| Seed | ✓ |
| Cutting | ✗ |
| Division | ✗ |
| Graft | ✗ |
| Tuber bulb crown | ✗ |
| Transplant | ✓ |
| Container ok | ✓ |
| Pollination | self fertile |
| Pollinator friendly | ✓ |
| Toxic parts | |
| Leaves | ✗ |
| Seeds | ✗ |
| Raw | ✗ |
| Spread | self seeds |
| Deer resistant | ✓ |
| Drought tolerant | ✓ |
| Toxic to | |
| People | ✗ |
| Pets | ✗ |
| Livestock | ✗ |
| Wash before storing | — |
|---|---|
| Ripens off plant | ✗ |
| Curing days | none |
| Shelf life | over 3mo |
| Storage methods | |
| Room temp | ✓ |
| Cool dark | ✓ |
| Fridge | ✓ |
| Freeze | ✓ |
| Can | ✗ |
| Dry | ✓ |
| Ferment pickle | ✓ |
| Blanch before freezing | — |
| Length | over 12wk |
|---|---|
| Colors | |
| White | ✓ |
| Yellow | ✓ |
| Orange | ✓ |
| Red | ✗ |
| Pink | ✗ |
| Purple | ✗ |
| Blue | ✗ |
| Green | ✗ |
| Fragrant | ✓ |
| Reblooms | ✓ |
| Deadhead | ✓ |
| Cut flower | ✓ |
| Dried flower | ✓ |
| Status | none |
|---|---|
| Regions | |
| Northeast | ✗ |
| Southeast | ✗ |
| Midwest | ✗ |
| Plains | ✗ |
| Southwest | ✗ |
| Mountain west | ✗ |
| Pacific northwest | ✗ |
| California | ✗ |
| Hawaii | ✗ |
| State noxious | ✗ |
| Escapes cultivation | ✓ |
| Visitors | |
|---|---|
| Honey bees | ✓ |
| Native bees | ✓ |
| Bumblebees | ✓ |
| Butterflies | ✓ |
| Moths | ✓ |
| Hummingbirds | ✗ |
| Beneficial insects | ✓ |
| Nectar | medium |
| Pollen | medium |
| Larval host | ✓ |
| Specialist bees | ✗ |
| Seed for birds | ✓ |
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sow | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Harvest | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
References: Wikipedia · USDA PLANTS: Calendula officinalis (CAOF) · how this data is made