Wintergreen
Gaultheria procumbens
Zones 3–7
Growing
This low-growing, mat-forming perennial thrives in the shade and prefers much more acidic soil than most garden staples, ideally maintaining a pH between 4.5 and 6.0. When establishing new plants via division or cuttings, ensure the site provides even moisture and excellent drainage to prevent root rot. Because this plant is a hardy evergreen, it provides valuable structure and a rare source of green foliage for your garden even through hard freezes and the depths of winter.
When your berries are ready, harvest them directly from the plant, as they will not continue to ripen once picked. To maintain their quality, store the berries unwashed in a cool, dark cellar or your refrigerator. Beyond their culinary use, these berries are a vital winter food source for local wildlife, including white-tailed deer, turkeys, and various small mammals like chipmunks. If you are looking to expand your groundcover, you can also propagate the plant using seeds or cuttings during the appropriate growing season.
| Sun | part sun |
|---|---|
| Water | medium |
| Grow time | >150 days |
| Height | <1ft |
| Spacing | 6–12in |
| Full sun | ✗ |
|---|---|
| Part shade | ✓ |
| Shade | ✓ |
| Life cycle | perennial |
|---|---|
| Category | berry |
| Growth habit | ground cover |
| Season | cool |
| Frost tolerance | hardy |
| Height | under 1ft |
| Spacing | 6–12in |
| Days to maturity | over 150 |
| Native us | ✓ |
| Water | medium |
|---|---|
| Drainage | moist |
| Soil ph min | 4.5 |
| Soil ph max | 6.0 |
| Propagation | |
| Seed | ✓ |
| Cutting | ✓ |
| Division | ✓ |
| Graft | ✗ |
| Tuber bulb crown | ✗ |
| Transplant | ✓ |
| Container ok | ✓ |
| Pollination | self fertile |
| Pollinator friendly | ✓ |
| Toxic parts | |
| Leaves | ✗ |
| Seeds | ✗ |
| Raw | ✗ |
| Spread | runners |
| Deer resistant | ✗ |
| Drought tolerant | ✗ |
| Toxic to | |
| People | — |
| Pets | — |
| Livestock | — |
| Wash before storing | ✗ |
|---|---|
| Ripens off plant | ✗ |
| Curing days | none |
| Shelf life | over 3mo |
| Storage methods | |
| Room temp | ✗ |
| Cool dark | ✓ |
| Fridge | ✓ |
| Freeze | ✓ |
| Can | — |
| Dry | ✓ |
| Ferment pickle | — |
| Blanch before freezing | — |
| Length | under 2wk |
|---|---|
| Colors | |
| White | ✗ |
| Yellow | ✗ |
| Orange | ✗ |
| Red | ✗ |
| Pink | ✗ |
| Purple | ✗ |
| Blue | ✗ |
| Green | ✗ |
| Mat height | under 2in |
|---|---|
| Spread rate | slow |
| Foot traffic | none |
| Evergreen | ✓ |
| Lawn alternative | ✓ |
| Mowable | ✗ |
| Between pavers | ✓ |
| Erosion control | ✓ |
| Weed suppression | ✓ |
| Under trees | ✓ |
| Status | none |
|---|---|
| Regions | |
| Northeast | ✗ |
| Southeast | ✗ |
| Midwest | ✗ |
| Plains | ✗ |
| Southwest | ✗ |
| Mountain west | ✗ |
| Pacific northwest | ✗ |
| California | ✗ |
| Hawaii | ✗ |
| State noxious | ✗ |
| Escapes cultivation | ✗ |
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sow | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Harvest | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
References: Wikipedia · USDA PLANTS: Gaultheria procumbens (GAPR2) · how this data is made